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HYBRID MINDS: Experiential, Ethical and Legal Exploration of Intelligent Neuroprostheses

Lay summary

Il Progetto HYBRIDMINDS mira a fornire la prima esplorazione sistematica delle implicazioni esperienziali, etiche e legali dell’uso dell’intelligenza artificiale all’interno del funzionamento delle neuroprotesi. Le neuroprotesi sono dispositivi che rilevano, interpretano e traducono i segnali neurali in output o che forniscono un input stimolatorio diretto al cervello. Queste tecnologie permettono una nuova forma di interazione uomo-macchina tra il cervello e le rappresentazioni mentali dell’essere umano da un lato, e l'hardware neuroprotesico e gli algoritmi di autoapprendimento da esso operati dall’altro. Definiamo «mente ibrida» il risultato dell'interazione e dell'integrazione funzionale di queste tre componenti. L'obiettivo di HYBRIDMINDS è:

a) concettualizzare l’emergente fenomeno della mente ibrida;

b) comprendere empiricamente l'interazione tra coscienza umana e neuroprotesi;

c) identificare le sfide etiche e legali derivanti dalle menti ibride;

d) offrire istruzioni concrete per incorporare considerazioni etiche e fenomenologiche nello sviluppo ingegneristico di neuroprotesi intelligenti;

e) sviluppare una cornice concettuale per la protezione dei diritti umani in relazione all’uso delle neurotecnologie.

Per raggiungere questi obiettivi, il nostro progetto esplorerà le esperienze soggettive e le attitudini di pazienti clinici che utilizzano neuroprotesi intelligenti per condizioni neurologiche e/o psichiatriche, nonché di atleti con disabilità fisiche. Inoltre, il progetto analizzerà le attuali linee guida etiche e norme giuridiche in materia. L’approccio metodologico da noi adottato combinerà interviste semi-strutturate, analisi tematica qualitativa, valutazione dell'usabilità del design e design etico proattivo. Gli output del nostro progetto mirano ad informare la progettazione responsabile di tecnologie eticamente-allineate e centrate sul paziente, l'implementazione clinica delle neuroprotesi intelligenti nonché la regolamentazione di questi dispositivi in UE, Svizzera e Canada. 

Abstract

HYBRIDMINDS aims to provide the first systematic exploration of the experiential, ethical, and legal significance of the functional integration of neuroprostheses with the human mind, especially those that incorporate Artificial Intelligence. Neuroprostheses are devices hat detect, interpret and translate neural signals into output or that provide direct stimulatory input to the brain. They afford a novel form of human-machine interaction between the human brain, the mind, the neuropros-thetic hard¬ware and the self-learning algorithms, and other artificial intelligent components that operate them. We call the result of the interaction and functional integration of these components the hybrid mind. The objective of this study is a) to conceptualize the novel phenomenon of hybrid minds, b) to understand the interaction between users and self-learning components within neu-roprostheses and its impact on users, c) to identify the ethical and legal challenges arising from hybrid minds, d) to offer new knowledge and concrete guidance to aid neuroengineers, patients and clinicians, ethicists, legal scholars and regulators to respond to the nascent experimental and clinical use of intelligent neuroprostheses, and e) to analyze and advance calls for better human rights protection with respect to neurotechnologies. To this end, we explore the experiences and attitudes of participants in two ground-breaking experimental trials, patients undergoing non-invasive therapeutic neuromodulation for psychiatric conditions, as well as athletes in the Cybath-lon. A robust qualitative approach will use semi-structured interviewing, interpretative phenomeno-logical analysis, design usability evaluation and an established framework for incorporating end-user needs, experiences and attitudes into technology design. This enables an empirically-grounded and technologically-informed ethical and legal analysis of intriguing normative questions posed by intelligent neuroprostheses. This work culminates in the development, in collaboration with stakeholders, of a consensus statement on “neuro-rights” or human rights in the age of intelli-gent neuroprostheses, and ethical guidance for patient-centered ethically-aligned technology de-sign, clinical implementation of intelligent neuroprostheses, and regulation of these devices in the EU, Switzerland and Canada.

Last updated:10.06.2022

Marcello Ienca
  Prof.Roger Gassert
Surjo R. Soekadar
Jennifer A. Chandler
Jan Christoph Bublitz